Understanding DVT: How to Spot, Manage, and Prevent Blood Clots in Those Aged Over 50
- support61700
- Mar 18
- 6 min read
As part of our fifty plus holistic wellness series focusing on prevention over cure, we are turning the spotlight on Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) this week, to support DVT awareness month (National Blood Clot Alliance, US #stoptheclot).
It is estimated that in the UK alone 1 in every 1000 people will develop a blood clot leading to DVT and serious complications.
What is a DVT?
The National Blood Clot Alliance gives the following definition; " A blood clot is a gel-like mass that forms in the arteries or veins. While clots are essential for stopping bleeding by sealing injured blood vessels, they can also lead to serious conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is typically a blood clot that forms in one or more large veins of the legs or arms (or other sites), potentially blocking blood flow and causing swelling, pain, and red or purplish discoloration. When left untreated, a DVT can move or break off and travel to the lungs, which is called a pulmonary embolism (PE). This can be fatal and requires immediate medical attention. Together, DVT and PE are referred to as venous thromboembolism (VTE). These conditions can affect anyone and may lead to severe illness, disability, or death" NBCA, accessed 17/03/2025.
Fortunately, if spotted early, DVT and PE are both treatable. By implementing healthy lifestyle practices, you can also reduce the risk of them forming.
Risk Factors
Some common risk factors for DVT in older people are (please note: this list is not exhaustive and does not include risk factors in younger people, it is important to remember that blood clots can affect anyone of any age, race, ethnicity or gender):
A recent hospital stay/surgical procedure/injury or trauma - complications can arise due to physical inactivity, blood clotting to stop bleeding, or blood clotting in response to foreign matter in blood stream (list not exhaustive) - the NHS has further information. This can happen up to 90 days post discharge.
Cancer/Cancer Treatments - cancer cells can increase clotting and some cancer treatments can also increase the risk - see more at Cancer Research UK.
Being aged over 55 - age related changes to veins, decreased mobility and additional co-morbidities (i.e. complications of other health conditions) can all play a part in an increased risk of DVT as we age.
Taking HRT (Oestrogen) in tablet form - We accessed The NHS page Benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on 17.03.2025 - which states that whilst taking Oestrogen based HRT in tablet form does carry a low risk of blood clots, there is no risk if taking in patch, spray or gel form, as the way the body absorbs Oestrogen through the skin is safer.
Immobility - due to inactivity in the venous system e.g. from bed rest, plaster casts, or if patient cannot move leg due to a neurological condition. Clots can also form when sitting for a long time (especially with legs crossed) and this includes long distance travel (by any means).
Long Term Disease, such as Diabetes/Heart Conditions - due in part to inflammation (among other factors)
Being overweight - Again, studies have shown this is primarily due to inflammation the the blood (an inflammatory marker C-Reactive protein was studied in obese patients). One study shows that the risk of VTE in obese patients over 50 years increases by 50% compared to their younger counterparts.
Smoking - Smoking has an affect on blood vessel structure and clotting factors, leading to a increase in DVT risk.
Common Signs and Symptoms of a DVT (taken from sources NBCA and Thrombosis UK fact sheets):
Swelling (usually in one limb)
Pain or tenderness (that is not caused by injury)
Skin that is warm to the touch
Reddish/Bluish skin discolouration
The NHS also adds - varicose/swollen veins that are hard or sore when you touch them
If you have these symptoms always seek medical/GP advice
Common Sign and Symptoms of a PE include (taken from sources NBCA and Thrombosis UK fact sheets):
Sudden shortness of breath
Unexplained breathlessness (in tasks where you would normally breathe ok)
Chest Pain (sharp/stabbing)
faster than normal or irregular heartbeat
Unexplained cough (sometimes with blood/blood streaked mucus)
Coughing up blood
Low blood pressure/dizziness/collapse
If you experience these signs or symptoms seek URGENT medical attention i.e. call 999!!
For a full range of fact sheets relating to DVT and bloods clots see Booklets & Fact Sheets | Thrombosis UK
Tests and Treatments - how is a blood clot diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects a DVT you should have an ultrasound scan within 24 hours. This will allow health professionals to see if the blood is flowing normally through your veins. Another diagnostic tool is a venogram (an x-ray of the vein), your vein is injected with dye to show any clots. You may also have your blood tested for a protein called D-dimer (this accumulates when clots break down).
Whilst awaiting diagnosis you may be given an injection to thin your blood (Heparin). If a clot is confirmed you will be given blood thinning medicines (usually warfarin or rivaroxaban) to take for at least 3 months. In some cases a surgeon will remove the clot or perform surgery to stop a clot forming (NHS).
Helping to Reduce the Risk of Blood Clots
Recognise the signs and symptoms!
Keep moving - don't sit for prolonged periods. Thrombosis UK recommend getting up and moving every 90 minutes. Our blood vessels are constantly pumping blood back to our heart and lungs. When we are inactive for too long, gravity makes it difficult for our vessels to pump blood (especially as we age and our vessels become weaker) - this blood can then pool and form clots so it is important that we take regular exercise. The pumping mechanism that returns blood from our legs back up to the heart and lungs is called the venous calf pump. Studies have found that reduced function of this pump is a predictive factor in VTE, and that pump function can be improved with exercise that stimulates the pump, for example daily walking or ankle bends.
As well as exercise, eating a healthy balanced diet will help you maintain the recommended BMI for your age and height. There is some evidence that being de-hydrated may increase the risk of clots, so it is important to stay well hydrated also. Another important lifestyle change you can make in the battle against clots is to quit smoking for good, see NHS Stop Smoking pages for further information. If you are planning a long journey Travel Socks are a good choice as they help gravity keep the blood moving upwards towards the heart whilst you are not able to move around.
Know your family history and Risk Factors. It's important to tell your doctor if you or anyone in your family have previously experienced a clot, and discuss any other risk factors with your doctor in case they advise prophylactic medication. Discuss best way to prevent clots with your doctor if you are having planned surgery
Conclusion
There are many factors that can increase ones risk of a developing a blood clot and subsequent VTE.
It is imperative to know the sign and symptoms to look out for and the factors that increase the risk of developing a blood clot. Any identified risks, or personal or family history of clots should be discussed with your GP, as there are preventative measures such as prophylaxis medication they can offer.
By making holistic lifestyle changes, we can help negate the risks. This is particular important for those aged over 50, as our blood vessels begin to weaken. As stated previously, taking part in daily exercise and also structured calf muscle exercise's can improve this altered state somewhat. Other changes such as maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking can also greatly reduce the chances of developing a DVT.
Disclaimer: This content has been produced purely for educational and informational purposes only. It is NOT intended to replace the advice, diagnosis or treatment of Healthcare Professionals and Medical Guidelines.
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